Selasa, 29 September 2015

Kelor Sejuta Khasiat


“Jika dua minggu tak sembuh, Bapak lumpuh total.” Peringatan dokter di sebuah rumahsakit di Bandung, Jawa Barat, itu terngiang-ngiang di telinga Hartadi.
Dua tahun silam, Hartadi memang begitu gering. Jika berjalan ia merasa tak seimbang, tubuh miring, dan kerap jatuh. Bobot tubuh melorot tajam, 86 kg menjadi 60 kg, hanya dalam sebulan. “Saya tinggal kulit pembalut tulang,” kata ayah tiga anak itu. Semula dokter menduga, Hartadi mengalami gangguan saraf. Namun, tes darah menyibak biang kerok itu semua adalah kadar gula darah yang membubung: 600 mg/dl; kadar normal kurang dari 200 mg/dl.
Ahli medis geleng-geleng kepala melihat hasil tes itu. Ia heran, kadar gula darah yang menjulang, tetapi Hartadi tak pingsan. Mendengar diagnosis itu keluarga pasrah. Namun, Hendrik Christianto - anak sulung Hartadi - yang bekerja di Kabupaten Mimika, Papua, enggan menerima suratan itu. Ia mengirimkan empat botol berisi masing-masing 30 kapsul daun kelor kepada ayahnya di Karawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hendrik terinspirasi seorang kenalan warga Mimika yang juga mengidap diabetes mellitus. Banyak bahan pangan yang mesti ia hindari jika hendak selamat.
Penderita itu akhirnya menyantap sayur daun kelor Moringa oleifera hampir saban hari. Tanpa ia sadari, itulah jalan kesembuhan baginya. Bersandar pada kasus di Mimika Hartadi rutin menelan tiga kapsul dua kali sehari sebelum makan pada pertengahan 2010. Dua pekan kemudian ia merasakan perubahan: jalan relatif seimbang dan saat malam frekuensi berkemih turun drastis menjadi 10 kali - biasanya 20 kali per malam. Perkembangan itu sejalah dengan turunnya kadar gula darah menjadi 520 mg/dl.


Panasea
Hasil tes darah itu sangat menggembirakan Hartadi. Itulah sebabnya ia disiplin mengonsumsi kapsul daun kelor. Makin hari, kadar gula darah pria 59 tahun itu kian turun. Pengecekan terakhir pada 2 Juni 2011 menunjukkan kadar gula darah normal, 145 mg/dl. Kini tubuh Hartadi kembali padat berisi dan segar bugar. Meski begitu ia tetap mengonsumsi kapsul daun tanaman anggota famili Moringaceae itu. Dosis berkurang, hanya dua kapsul per hari.
Kelor terbukti tokcer mengatasi diabetes mellitus. Bukti empiris itu sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Jaiswal Dolly. Periset dari Departemen Kimia Universitas Allahabad, India, itu membuktikan ekstrak kelor lebih efektif menurunkan kadar gula darah daripada Glipizide, obat yang biasa direkomendasikan dokter untuk mengatasi kencing manis. Dalam riset tikus diabetes mellitus itu semula berkadar gula darah 300 mg/dl. Namun, setelah mengonsumsi 300 mg ekstrak daun kelor, kadar gula darah puasa 90 mg/dl pada hari ke-21.
Daun kelor bukan hanya mujarab mengatasi penyakit yang namanya berasal dari dokter di Yunani, Aretaeus (30 - 90) itu (bahasa Yunani: diabainein = pancuran, mellitus = manis). Faktanya banyak pasien beragam penyakit merasakan khasiat tanaman dari India utara itu. Damar Novaldi - bukan nama sebenarnya - misalnya, pada Maret 2011 merasakan sakitnya splenomegali. Menurut dokter spesialis penyakit dalam dari Universitas Airlangga, dr Arijanto Jonosewojo SpPD, splenomegali adalah pembengkakan limpa.
“Gangguan fungsi hati seperti sklerosis hati atau kanker hati dapat menyebabkan splenomegali,” kata Arijanto. Penyakit itu dapat mengakibatkan kematian bila organ di belakang lambung sepanjang 12 cm itu pecah. “Saya pasrah. Istri dan ibu juga merasa terpukul,” kata Damar Novaldi setelah mendapat diagnosis itu. Akibat penyakit itu, punggung sakit bukan kepalang, meski tersentuh sedikit saja. Nyeri hebat juga ia rasakan di ulu hati. Kondisi itu membuat Damar serbasalah: tidur miring sakit, telentang pun nyeri.
Menurut Arijanto sakit punggung dan ulu hati itu karena limpa membengkak dan mengalami penekanan sehingga mempengaruhi saraf-saraf organ di sekitarnya. Sepekan opname di rumahsakit di Jakarta Selatan, intensitas sakit memang berkurang. Namun, setelah kembali ke rumah, pria 32 tahun berbobot 86 kg dan tinggi 169 cm itu merasa nyeri lagi. Oleh karena itu ia patuh saat ibu menyarankan untuk menemui Valentina Indrajati, herbalis di Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Ketika itulah Valentina meresepkan beragam herbal seperti daun kelor, rimpang bangle, dan daun jati belanda - semua dalam bentuk serbuk berbobot masing-masing 10 gram. Damar merebus herbal dalam dua gelas hingga mendidih dan tersisa segelas. Hasil rebusan itulah yang ia minum rutin dua kali sehari. Pada awal Juli 2011 setelah tiga bulan konsumsi herbal, ia memeriksakan kondisi kesehatan.
“Pinggiran limpa yang semula menghitam, kembali normal berwarna ungu gelap. Limpa juga sudah tak membengkak,” kata Damar yang girang bukan main. Menurut Valentina yang meresepkan daun kelor sejak 2005, kelor memperbaiki fungsi hati yang berhubungan dengan pencernaan dan detoksifikasi. Selain itu kelor juga kaya antioksidan untuk membangun sistem kekebalan tubuh. Ketika kondisi tubuh sehat ibarat benteng yang kokoh, sehingga mampu melawan serangan penyakit.
Makin populer
Setahun terakhir, kelor Moringa oleifera (sinonim Guilandina moringa) memang naik daun. Indikasinya antara lain kian banyak pasien yang memanfaatkan kelor. Damar Novaldi dan Hartadi hanya sebagian kecil yang merasakan khasiat daun kelor. Kelor juga mujarab mengatasi beragam penyakit lain seperti hepatitis, hiperlipidemia alias kolesterol tinggi, dan jantung. Pemanfaatan kelor sebagai herbal “tak terdengar” bila dibandingkan brotowali Tinospora crispa, sambiloto Andrographis paniculata, atau temuputih Curcuma zedoaria.
Selama ini daun kelor identik dengan dunia magis, untuk membuang kesaktian seseorang menjelang ajal. Biji klenthang alias polong kelor populer sebagai penjernih air. Namun, siapa sangka di balik itu semua daun kelor manjur sebagai panasea alias obat untuk beragam penyakit. Riset ilmiah mendukung kuat bukti empiris itu. Setahun lalu Valentina kedatangan pasien hepatitis C. “Matanya menguning, kulit tubuhnya juga kuning,” kata herbalis yang kerap mengajar yoga di India dan Thailand itu.
Herbalis itu meresepkan kelor dan beberapa herbal lain seperti sambiloto dan pegagan kepada penderita berusia 16 tahun itu. Setelah rutin mengonsumsi rebusan serbuk daun kelor, ia akhirnya sembuh sehingga batal opname di rumahsakit. Periset dari Anna Technology University, Tamilnadu, India, C Senthil Kumar, membuktikan bahwa daun kelor memang berkhasiat sebagai hepatoprotektor alias pelindung hati.
Menurut dokter sekaligus herbalis di Yogyakarta, dr Sidi Aritjahja, kelor mengandung antioksidan yang sangat tinggi dan sangat bagus untuk penyakit yang berhubungan dengan masalah pencernaan, misalnya luka usus dan luka lambung. “Bagian apa pun yang dipakai aman asal memperhatikan caranya,” ujar alumnus Universitas Gadjah Mada itu. Minumlah rebusan daun kelor selagi air hangat. Sebab, efek antioksidan masih kuat dalam keadaan hangat. Menurut dr Paulus Wahyudi Halim di Kota Tangerang Selatan, Provinsi Banten, kelor memiliki energi dingin. Herbal seperti itu cocok untuk mengatasi penyakit dengan energi panas atau kelebihan energi seperti radang atau kanker.
Serba ada
Begitu dahsyatnya khasiat daun kelor mengatasi aneka penyakit. Harap mafhum, daun pohon stik drum itu memang mengandung senyawa aktif dan gizi lengkap (lihat infografis) Ahli gizi dari Pusat Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan, Dr Mien Karmini, mengatakan, “Konsumsi asam amino terlalu banyak, efeknya tidak terlalu mengkhawatirkan. Namun, kerja ginjal lebih berat karena asam amino dikeluarkan melalui ginjal. Bila asam amino berasal dari nabati, kemungkinan ginjal bekerja ekstra lebih rendah daripada asam amino dari hewani.”
Beberapa senyawa aktif dalam daun kelor adalah arginin, leusin, dan metionin. Tubuh memang memproduksi arginin, tetapi sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu perlu asupan dari luar seperti kelor. Kandungan arginin pada daun kelor segar mencapai 406,6 mg; sedangkan pada daun kering, 1.325 mg. Menurut Dr Mien Karmini, arginin meningkatkan imunitas atau kekebalan tubuh. Di samping itu, arginin juga mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka, meningkatkan kemampuan untuk melawan kanker, dan memperlambat pertumbuhan tumor.
Sementara metionin yang kadarnya mencapai 117 mg pada daun segar dan 350 mg (kering) mampu menyerap lemak dan kolesterol. Oleh karena itu, metionin menjadi kunci kesehatan hati yang banyak berhubungan dengan lemak. Kekurangan metionin menyebabkan beragam penyakit seperti rematik kronis, sirosis, dan gangguan ginjal. Kadar valin dalam daun segar 374 mg atau 1.063 mg (kering) berfungsi dalam sistem saraf dan pencernaan. Perannya antara lain membantu gangguan saraf otot, gangguan mental, emosional, dan insomnia.
Tubuh juga memerlukan leusin karena tak mampu memproduksi sendiri. Daun kelor segar mengandung 492 mg leusin berperan dalam pembentukan protein otot dan fungsi sel normal. “Leusin sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan sel sehingga anak-anak dan remaja mutlak memerlukannya. Ambang batas kebutuhan leusin adalah 55 mg per g protein,” kata Mien Karmini.
Itu hanya sebagian kecil senyawa aktif pada daun kelor. Padahal, selain daun, bagian lain pada tanaman itu juga tak kalah berkhasiat. Kulit batang Moringa oleifera, umpamanya, berkhasiat antitumor (baca Pucuk Sampai Akar Manjur halaman 20 - 21). Pantas bila kini makin banyak herbalis yang meresepkan daun kelor. Herbalis di Yogyakarta, Lina Mardiana, misalnya, meresepkan daun kelor untuk para pasien beragam penyakit seperti hiperlipidemia dan pendarahan.
Lina memberikan kelor kepada Asih Susilowati yang keguguran. Peran kelor membantu produksi sel darah merah akibat kehilangan darah saat keguguran, memperkuat rahim, dan saluran indung telur. Sebulan setelah rutin mengonsumsi rebusan daun kelor, Asih hamil. Ia melahirkan dengan selamat sembilan bulan kemudian. Herbalis di Kotamadya Batu, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Wahyu Suprapto, sepakat bahwa kelor bagus bagi penderita pendarahan seperti Asih dan anemia. Kandungan zat besi kelor sangat tinggi, yakni 28 mg per 100 gram bahan.
Tren kelor
Pemanfaatan kelor untuk herbal kini terbukti kian meluas di berbagai daerah. Kondisi itu mendorong Muslihuddin dan Gatot Santosa membuka kebun kelor 1 ha di Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur, pada Agustus 2009. Jangan bayangkan tanaman kelor yang tinggi menjulang. Kelor budidaya tak lebih dari 75 cm karena pekebun kerap memanen seperti teh. Dari kebun itulah mereka mengekstrak kelor. Produksinya baru 200 botol - masing-masing 30 kapsul - per bulan.
Dalam waktu dekat, Gatot Santosa bersiap memenuhi permintaan rutin importir dari India yang mencapai 25.000 botol per bulan. Produksi ekstrak kelor itu mereka lakukan setelah Muslihudin, karyawan Freeport Indonesia di Timika, Provinsi Papua, terbelalak mengetahui khasiat kelor dari dunia maya. “Kita bisa membantu masyarakat untuk memproduksi herbal asal kelor,” kata Muslihudin.
Salman Rizki di Surabaya rutin mengirimkan ekstrak kelor ke Filipina sejak 2005. Ia memperoleh bahan baku dari daerah di sekitar Surabaya seperti Pasuruan dan Mojokerto. Sayang, ia merahasiakan rendemen dan harga jual. Salman mengirimkan rata-rata 400 kg ekstrak daun kelor per bulan. Kaum ibu di Filipina memberikan malunggay alias kelor kepada bayi-bayi mereka. Mereka menyebut kelor sebagai “teman ibu yang baik”.
Di berbagai negara, termasuk Amerika Serikat, kelor memang sohor sebagai bahan pangan. Rodney Perdew yang tinggal di Arizona, Amerika Serikat, membudidayakan kelor di Arizona dan Meksiko - lebih dari 80.000 tanaman. Ia mengolah kelor menjadi teh, kapsul, dan minyak. “Sejak dua tahun lalu, terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan 50% per tahun,” kata Rodney.
Ia tertarik mengebunkan komoditas itu karena, “Kelor merupakan sumber pangan yang hebat, sekaligus bahan kosmetik dan obat,” kata Rodney kepada wartawan Trubus Tri Istianingsih. Itu bukti bahwa kelor memang tanaman serbaguna: daun, kulit batang, polong, akar, bahkan getahnya pun berkhasiat obat. (Sardi Duryatmo/Peliput: Andari Titisari, Imam Wiguna, Pranawita Karina, & Tri Susanti)
Sumber: Trubus 501 - Agustus 2011/XLII

TESTIMONI MANFAAT KELOR (MORINGA)


Ada dua hal yang terkenal mengenai kata “kelor” di Indonesia, yaitu : ilmu gaib dan pribahasa. Saya kurang mengerti bagaimana awal terjadinya hubungan keterkaitan antara kata kelor dengan kedua hal tersebut. Bagi saya, kedua hal yang selalu menyertai kata “kelor” itu, cukup mempengaruhi untuk tidak terlalu mau tahu lebih jelas mengenai kemampuan sebenarnya dari tanaman kelor.
Sekitar awal Maret 2012, seorang kolega bercerita kepada saya mengenai kemampuan daun kelor dalam menetralisir Diabetes Miletus yang di deritanya. Ia pun bercerita bagaimana daun kelor dapat meredakan penyakit asma pada salah seorang karyawannya dan banyak cerita-cerita lainnya mengenai khasiat daun kelor dalam mengatasi berbagai macam penyakit pada orang yang dikenalnya. Saya tidak terlalu memberikan satu perhatian khusus atas semua cerita itu, namun yang menjadikan permasalahan kelor ini berlanjut adalah saya juga mengenal orang-orang yang diceritakan olehnya. Saat bertemu dengan orang-orang dimaksud, saya menyempatkan untuk bertanya mengenai cerita tentang teh daun kelor yang mereka konsumsi. Mereka pun membenarkan cerita tersebut.
Memulai pencarian informasi mengenai tanaman kelor di internet tidaklah sulit, cukup banyak situs dalam negeri membahas tentang khasiat tanaman kelor. Namun, terdapat kemiripan pembahasan antara satu dengan lainnya, seolah-olah semua situs mengambil informasi dari sumber yang sama. Berbeda halnya saat menggunakan kata kunci “moringa oleifera”, saya mendapatkan bahwa pembahasan mengenai tanaman kelor yang (ternyata) sudah mendunia. Banyak situs luar negeri memerinci secara detail khasiat tanaman kelor. Salah satu di antaranya adalah Wikipedia.
Disitu disebutkan besar jumlah / kuantitas dari satu / beberapa jenis kandungan nutrisi dari daun kelor dibandingkan jenis makanan lain yang juga memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang sama. Seperti perbandingan vitamin A dengan wortel, vitamin C dengan jeruk, kalsium dengan susu dan beberapa lainnya. Anda dapat melihatnya sendiri detail informasi yang disajikan diWikipedia.
Jika mengacu pada informasi yang tertera pada Wikipedia, terlepas dari cerita gaib yang selalu menyertainya, daun kelor dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan makanan yang layak diperhitungkan keberadaannya untuk melengkapi kebutuhan nutrisi dalam tubuh.
Sejak awal bulan Juli 2012 hingga sekarang, setiap hari, saya mulai dan selalu mengkonsumsi air seduhan daun kelor yang sudah dikeringkan. Tidak ada batasan berapa banyak air seduhan di konsumsi dalam sehari, bahkan saya menjadikannya sebagai pengganti air tawar yang biasa diminum setiap hari.
Saya mengupah seseorang untuk mencarikan bahan mentahnya, sisa pekerjaan hingga menjadi produk siap konsumsi dikerjakan sendiri. Ada dua metode yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pengeringan daun kelor : memanggang-nya dalam oven dengan api kecil atau diangin-anginkan. Jika anda hendak membuatnya dengan cara diangin-anginkan, saya sarankan, lebih baik untuk melakukan proses pengeringan di area luar rumah dan tidak terkena sinar cahaya matahari. Aroma cukup tajam dari daun kelor selama berlangsungnya proses pengeringan akan sangat mengganggu dan terjadi cukup lama (3 – 4 hari).
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Proses mengeringkan daun kelor…

Jika anda berniat untuk membuat seduhan dari daun kelor yang telah dikeringkan, saya memiliki sedikit pengalaman bagaimana cara pengerjaannya.
Metode pengeringan dengan menggunakan oven :
  • Siangi daun kelor dari tangkainya dan kumpulkan pada loyang kue (jangan terlalu penuh).
  • Nyalakan oven dengan temperatur maximum 60° Celcius.
  • Masukkan loyang berisi daun kelor ke dalam oven.
  • Panggang hingga mengering (± 1 jam).
  • Agar lebih cepat, aduk setiap 20 menit sekali.
  • Setelah kering, daun dapat dihancurkan langsung dengan cara meremasnya.
  • Simpan dalam toples atau wadah kedap udara.
Metode pengeringan dengan cara diangin-anginkan :
  • Siangi daun kelor dari tangkainya dan letakkan pada wadah bambu (Sunda : tetampah).
  • Letakkan pada area yang tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung dan cukup angin.
  • Aduk daun kelor setiap 12 jam sekali untuk menjadikan proses pengeringan merata.
  • Jika keadaan cuaca tidak hujan, daun akan mengering dalam waktu 1 – 2 minggu.
  • Parut / blender daun yang telah kering agar berbentuk serpihan kecil.
  • Simpan dalam toples atau wadah kedap udara.
Keterangan :
  • Setiap satu sendok teh daun kelor kering, dapat diseduh dengan 300- 350 mililiter air panas (1 gelas), kemudian diminum setelah dingin sebagaimana teh pada umumnya. Agar lebih mudah memisahkan antara ampas dari air seduhan, dapat menggunakan teko untuk menyeduh teh yang memiliki wadah tempat menaruh daun agar tidak bercampur air seduhan.
  • Cara lain yang lebih nyaman adalah dengan menggunakan coffee maker. Cukup menaruh daun kelor pada wadah untuk meletakkan bubuk kopi, nyalakan dan tunggu hingga selesai.
Efek pada tubuh…
Pernyataan yang sering terdengar bagi yang telah mengkonsumsi teh daun kelor adalah dapat tidur dengan pulas. Kebiasaan terbangun setiap 2 – 3 jam sekali pada saat tidur di malam hari, tidak terjadi lagi setelah mengkonsumsi teh daun kelor.
Beberapa orang lain dengan bawaan lambung cukup peka, tidak merasakan gangguan apa pun dari teh daun kelor yang mereka minum. Efek teh daun kelor itu sendiri terhadap lambung mereka, dapat dikatakan positif. Terutama pada rutinitas buang air besar.
Pada penderita osteoporosis, nyeri linu yang biasa mereka alami memang benar berkurang, bahkan ada beberapa menyatakan sudah merasa reda sama sekali.
Salah seorang famili yang terkena Diabetes Melitus datang berkunjung ke rumah, tertarik menjadi sukarelawan untuk mencoba teh daun kelor. Setelah 1 bulan kemudian, beliau kembali berkunjung ke rumah saya dan bercerita mengenai efek teh daun kelor yang di-konsumsi-nya. Saya tidak tahu persis standar ukuran kadar gula darah, yang beliau katakan adalah gula darahnya turun dari 300 ke 185 pada awal minggu ke 4. Selama 3 minggu sebelumnya mengkonsumsi teh daun kelor, pantangan atas makanan tertentu ditiadakan sama sekali. Semua aktivitas harian dijalani secara normal sebagaimana sebelum menderita DM. Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan, selain menggunakan alat untuk memeriksa gula darah sendiri, juga mengunjungi dokter guna mendapatkan hasil lebih akurat. Saya tidak melihat hasil test yang dilakukan, secara fisik terlihat perbedaan di wajahnya yang nampak jauh lebih segar dari sebelumnya.
Bagi saya sendiri, teh daun kelor cenderung mempengaruhi kerja lambung menjadi lebih baik.

Efek pada tanaman…

Seperti informasi kandungan nutrisi yang tertera pada Wikipedia, saya berkesimpulan, daun kelor dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pupuk tanaman. Menjadikan teh daun kelor sebagai pupuk organik cair (POC), belum pernah dicoba. Saya hanya meletakkan ampas hasil seduhan di permukaan media tanam. Efek yang sudah terlihat adalah daun di area bagian bawah tanaman menjadi terpelihara dengan baik. Jeda waktu pengaplikasian yang singkat (2 minggu sekali), tidak menimbulkan efek negatif sebagaimana dihasilkan oleh ampas teh maupun kopi. Perbedaan dengan pupuk organik lain yang pernah saya buat dan coba sebelumnya, dimana pertumbuhan lebih ter-konsentrasi pada bagian pucuk tanaman, ampas daun kelor membuat keseluruhan bagian tanaman nampak segar.
Jika anda berniat membuat POC berbahan dasar daun kelor, dapat dengan menyeduh kembali ampas daun kelor dari seduhan pertama. Atau, jika sekedar ingin mengetahui efeknya, dapat dengan 15 ml teh daun kelor ditambahkan 2 liter air tawar. Semprotkan pada permukaan daun dan tunggu efeknya setelah 1 bulan kemudian. Saat ini saya belum memiliki informasi yang pasti mengenai efek air seduhan daun kelor jika diaplikasikan secara rutin sebagai POC pada tanaman.
Hal yang cukup membuat penasaran adalah ketika menyiangi daun kelor, tidak ditemukan sisa hama beredar di permukaan daun saat disiangi. Tidak ada bagian daun rusak akibat gigitan serangga seperti belalang maupun ulat daun. Apakah daun kelor mengandung sejenis toksik sebagaimana halnya daun mimba, saya tidak tahu.
Apakah daun kelor dapat berfungsi sekaligus sebagai pestisida? Saya agak meragukannya. Jika berbicara mengenai pestisida pada saat ini, saya tetap mengandalkan ramuan daun mimba dan bawang putih (artikel Membuat Pestisida Organik dengan Daun Mimba…).

Hal lain yang perlu diketahui…

Jangan menaruh air hasil seduhan daun kelor pada wadah bening (mis. gelas atau tempat air tembus pandang). Saya kurang mengerti apa yang sebenarnya terjadi setelah air seduhan ditempatkan dalam gelas selama 6 – 12 jam berubah menjadi keruh. Meski tidak mengeluarkan aroma tak sedap dan masih dapat diminum, tingkat kesegarannya berbeda dengan air seduhan yang masih dalam keadaan bening.
Saya mencoba menempatkan air seduhan di dua wadah berbeda, gelas dan keramik, dalam waktu bersamaan. Setelah lebih dari 12 jam, air seduhan pada wadah keramik masih tetap bening seperti semula. Berbeda dengan wadah gelas, menjadi keruh.
Proses pengeringan menggunakan oven menghasilkan cita rasa berbeda dibanding diangin-anginkan. Demikian juga air hasil seduhannya, yang satu berwarna kehijauan sedangkan lainnya berwarna kekuningan. Secara khasiat, saya tidak mengetahui persis detail perbedaan air seduhan antara kedua produk tersebut. Untuk daun kelor hasil peng-oven-an, walau pun hampir tidak berbau, lambung terasa kurang nyaman setelah air diminum. Namun, hanya sesaat. Tidak berlangsung lama. Sedangkan yang diangin-anginkan, sama sekali tidak terasa efek apa pun. Sama seperti minum air tawar biasa saja. Mungkin disebabkan konsentrasi kuantitas daun dengan proses pengovenan jauh lebih banyak (lebih kering) daripada diangin-anginkan. Walau secara kasat mata terlihat sama saja, satu sendok teh.

Lebih lanjut dengan daun kelor…

Bagaimana pun ampuhnya daun kelor sebagai salah satu bahan makanan kaya nutrisi, tergantung pada kita menjalaninya. Tidak ada salahnya mencoba secara rutin mengkonsumsi air seduhan daun kelor karena tanaman tersebut telah direkomendasikan oleh beberapa badan internasional sebagai salah satu bahan yang layak dalam memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi di tubuh kita. Jika memang tidak merasa nyaman selama menjalaninya, kita dapat langsung menghentikannya tanpa banyak mengeluarkan biaya berarti.

Selamat mencoba!
copas dari berkebundirumahdotcom

Kamis, 10 September 2015

GRAM PER GRAM COMPARISON

GRAM PER GRAM COMPARISON

MORINGA BENEFITS
Moringa is a vegetable tree that is extremely nutritious and has many potential and healthy uses. The Moringa tree is believed by many to be the most giving plant in all of nature. It is loaded with nutrients, antioxidants and healthy proteins. Moringa is quite possibly the most amazing plant that anyone has ever studied.
Moringa Oleifera (Moringa) is called the Tree of Life because it is one a nature’s most nutritious foods. The powder in the Moringa leaf is containing over 90 nutrients and 46 antioxidants along with all of the essential amino acids.

"MORINGA IS .....", TIME DOT COM SAID

Josh Schonwald is a Chicago-based journalist and author of The Taste of Tomorrow: Dispatches from the Future of Food.

They can purify water, feed a family of four for 50 years, and help combat climate change — and you've probably never heard of them


A superfood is high in protein, low in fat, gluten-free, loaded with omega-3s, bursting with antioxidants and overflowing with folate, fiber and phytonutrients. But the vast majority of what gets called a superfood these days should be called “health food.” Yes, health food is a perfectly suitable descriptor for goji berries, pomegranates and chia seeds.
To get an idea of a true superfood, look at quinoa. The Andean grain is more than just a high protein, low-fat, gluten-free alternative to rice or pasta. Quinoa is not only one of the only plants in the world that provides a complete source of protein. It is also an extraordinarily resilient plant. You can grow it at just about any altitude, from sea-level up to 13,000 feet. It can withstand a wide range of temperatures, and needs very little water to survive. There’s a reason why the United Nations General Assembly declared 2013 “The International Year of Quinoa” and not “The International Year of the Goji Berry.”
Kelp is another example of a true superfood. It’s not merely high in protein, low in fat and loaded with heart-healthy antioxidants. It grows at turbo speed (9 to 12 feet in three months) without the need for fresh water or fertilizer. Kelp could provide the world with a vast new source of sustainable protein — and potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (Kelp forests are carbon sinks.)
Real superfoods possess super-traits — like the ability to grow astronomically fast in some of the world’s harshest climates. Or the ability to make dirty water safe for drinking. Or the ability to feed a family of four for 50 years. Here are three superfoods, largely unknown in the United States now, that will quite possibly become the next quinoa.
The Moringa Tree
It’s often called the “the miracle tree” or the “tree of life.” In the Philippines, they call it a “mother’s best friend.” In Senegal, it’s the “never die tree.”
Virtually every part of the moringa tree (Moringa oleifera) — pods that taste like string beans, leaves redolent of spinach, seeds reminiscent of peanuts, roots that taste like horseradish — is edible and packed with nutrients. A small serving of the humble-looking moringa’s tiny leaves has seven times the amount of vitamin C of an orange, four times the calcium of milk, and four times the beta-carotene of carrots, according to nutrition researcher C. Gopalan’s Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. Not surprisingly, the tree, which is native to north India, is developing a cult followingamong natural foods enthusiasts.
But the slender, scrawny looking tree has got far more than nutrition going for it. The moringa might be the fastest growing valuable plant in the world — it grows up to 15 feet, from seed, in its first year. Because it’s drought-resistant, the moringa can grow freakishly fast in precisely the hot, dry subtropical areas where malnutrition is most prevalent, and where other crops wither (hence “the never die” nickname).
The moringa is also a promising biofuel and medicinal source. For hundreds of years, people have been using the moringa for everything from cooking oil and cosmetics to animal feed and cleaning agent. But undoubtedly the most amazing quality of the moringa is that it can purify water. Just drop some crushed moringa seeds in a bucket of dirty, unsafe water, and within about an hour, that water will be safe to drink. Scientists say it’s because the moringa seeds produce chemicals that cause dirt and bacteria and other pollutants to settle. The moringa seed could provide a simple yet valuable tool in poor communities where diarrhea caused by water-borne bacteria is one of the biggest sources of childhood fatalities,according to a paper in Current Protocols in Microbiology.
The Breadfruit
The breadfruit looks like a green soccer ball with pimples. And it tastes like sourdough bread. The first time I tried it, I thought “blah.”
But there’s a vigorous effort underway to get people to love this ugly, tasteless fruit; some believe the breadfruit could save millions of people annually from starvation.
Native to tropical regions in the South Pacific, the breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), known as Ulu in Hawaiian, is a nutritional powerhouse — one cup of breadfruit has more potassium than three bananas, according to the USDA, and it’s loaded with fiber, calcium, phosphorous, copper and other essential nutrients. Some cultivars also have high levels of beta-carotene, which makes it a promising weapon against vitamin A deficiency, the leading cause of blindness in children.
The breadfruit is a remarkably low-maintenance yet extraordinarily productive tree. A mature tree yields 450 pounds of fruit per season, according to Josh Schneider, a horticulturalist at Global Breadfruit, an organization that promotes the use of the breadfruit tree. Schneiderestimated in an interview that one breadfruit tree could feed a family of four for more than 50 years.
A growing group of NGOs, like Global Breadfruit and the Trees That Feed Foundation, are now dedicated to spreading the use of the trees, and it’s not just because breadfruit is one of Earth’s highest yielding food crops. Studies show that more than 80% of the world’s poor and hungry live in subtropical regions — perfect for breadfruit trees. And recent breeding improvements are accelerating the speed of a tree’s growth. Now, you can produce fruit in 2 to 3 years, Schneider said
One breadfruit evangelist, Hawaiian horticulturalist Diane Ragone, like me, didn’t care for the breadfruit on her first taste (she likened it to “undercooked potatoes”), but now thinks the fruit’s underwhelming taste is easily surmountable. Ragone’s advice: sauté them. “Think of sautéed breadfruit as a platform for any kind of cuisine or flavor,” Ragone told theWall Street Journal. Others talk about the breadfruit’s potential as a food ingredient and as an alternative to flour. Imagine a bagel that could prevent millions of children from going blind.
The Prickly Pear Cactus
The prickly pear cactus, what botantists call opuntia ficus-indica has lots of healthy qualities — high in vitamins, fiber and antioxidants, low in fat — and it all comes from some of the driest and worst land on the planet.
Some beleaguered farmers in arid places like California’s drought-stricken San Joaquin Valley are starting to see the light. Instead of fighting water shortages and desertification, they’re adapting. One article about a maverick cactus farmer likened it to making lemonade out of lemons. Andclimate forecasts suggest that more farmers around the world will be drawn to a crop that can not only flourish with little or no irrigation, but can also tolerate poor soil.
The food-of-the-future cacti is not the puny cacti you’ve seen driving through Arizona. Scientists in water-starved places like Israel, California and Texas have worked for years to create food-friendly varieties, which are much bigger and have no needles. Smooth skinned and frost-resistant, today’s cacti were the subject of a 2013 United Nations report on industrial-scale cacti cultivation, highlighting successes in the developing world. But don’t think the cactus is just a “feed theworld” crop for an apocalyptic scenario.
Food writer Sam Brasch, who suggests that the prickly pear could be “the next kale,” describes its flesh as “landing somewhere between a watermelon and a kiwi.” The prickly pear is also promising because it can be used in so many ways — for juices, jams and jellies; some studies even suggest that it’s a hangover cure.
Each of these three superfoods has the potential to not only improve your health, but also improve the world–and you’ll inevitably see them at Whole Foods.
Josh Schonwald is a Chicago-based journalist and author of The Taste of Tomorrow: Dispatches from the Future of Food, but he is perhaps best-known as the guy who ate the Frankenburger. Schonwald writes and speaks frequently about the future of food and agriculture. His work has appeared in numerous publications including The New York Times, Washington Post, Slate, and The Wall Street Journal. A graduate of Macalester College and Columbia University’s journalism school, Schonwald lives in Evanston, Illinois with his wife, children, and indoor aquaponic system.

Selasa, 08 September 2015

KANDUNGAN BETA KAROTIN PADA KELOR LEBIH TINGGI DARI WORTEL

KANDUNGAN BETA KAROTIN PADA KELOR LEBIH TINGGI DARI WORTEL


READ THE ARTICLE HERE


Daun Kelor, Ratu Vitamin A




Setelah membaca artilek ini, Anda harus berfikir ulang meminum supplement vitamin A untuk menjaga kesehatan mata. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) ternyata sangat kaya akan kandungan vitamin  A dibandingkan wortel

Sekilas daun kelor mirip dengan daun katuk, bentuknya bulat dan berwarna hijau. Tanaman daun kelor merupakan pohon berkayu yang tingginya bisa mencapai 6 meter. Biji tanaman kelor yang sudah tua bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai penjernih air sumur yang keruh. Sedangkan daun kelor enak dimakan menjadi beragam masakan.


Keunggulan daun kelor terletak pada kandungan nutrisinya yang luar biasa, terutama golongan mineral dan vitamin. Setiap 100 g daun kelor mengandung 3390 SI vitamin A. Dua kali lebih tinggi dari bayam dan tigapuluh kali lebih tinggi dari buncis. Daun kelor juga tinggi kalsium, sekitar 440 mg/100 g, serta fosfor 70 mg/100 g. Aroma daun kelor agak langu, namun aroma berkurang ketika daun mudanya diolah menjadi sayur bening atau sayur bobor.

Pengalaman khasiat daun kelor

Pengalaman teman-teman dari Papua yang telah mengonsumsi ekstrak daun kelor yang dikemas dalam kapsul menyatakan bahwa kasiat kapsul tersebut sangat luar biasa. Seorang teman bernama Hans yang mengalami kesemutan di tangan sebelah kanan dan telah menjalani medivac di rumah sakit internasional di Jakarta dan belum sembuh kemudian mencoba mengonsumsi kapsul tersebut berangsur-angsur kesemutannya hilang dan sekarang sudah sembuh dan kembali bekerja.
Beberapa teman yang mengalami tekanan darah tinggi dan kolesterol pada saat cek up tahunan juga menyatakan bahwa tekanan darah dan kolesterolnya normal kembali setelah mengonsumsi kapsul tersebut. Dan masih banyak pengalaman-pengalaman yang lain dari teman-teman yang telah mengonsumsi kapsul daun kelor tersebut.
sumber : Budi Sutomo dan lain-lain

Senin, 07 September 2015

MENJAGA TEKANAN DARAH AGAR NORMAL TANPA OBAT, INI CARANYA

If you had high blood pressure, but you control it carefully, you will avoid nearly all the risk of heart failure and considerably reduce the likelihood of stroke. But how to maintain blood pressure without drugs? Most patients maintain a normal blood pressure without drugs by losing weight, reducing sodium and alcohol intake, adopting a modest exercise program ,paying attention to their attitude, and engaging a regular program of deep relaxation,yoga or meditations, fruits and vegetables that lower high blood pressure and lastly taking the right food supplement.Similar results can often be achieved for most patients suffering with other form of chronic illness. Moreover many patients would prefer making such changing lifestyles rather than taking medications with many side effects that will cause more problem. And the cost savings alone would make many consider this worthwhile, and surely it is the responsibilities of the medical profession to look at these simplest solutions first before giving any medications for lowering blood pressure. (518)

CARA MENCEGAH ASMA DENGAN KELOR

blood cell typesAsthma is a lung disease that causes obstruction of the airways…involving repeated breathing problems. During an asthma attack, bronchial tubes narrow and secrete an excess of mucus, airways become inflamed or swollen and begin to produce mucus making it very hard to breathe. It is a serious illness that can be often be fatal.Typical symptoms of an asthma attack are coughing, wheezing, a feeling of tightness in the chest, and difficulty breathing. It can last for a few minutes or several hours.
Asthma is the most common chronic disease (one that cannot be cured) affecting children and young adults. Also the leading cause of chronic school absenteeism which can be attributed to educational disparities across the nation. In the United States along one child out of every fifteen has some degree of asthma.
Asthma in certain people may be attributed to exercise, allergies or emotional problems or possibly a combination of all.Practice methods to relieve stress because stress and strong emotions like worry and fear can also trigger an asthma attack. Renowned 19th century British physician Peter Latham said, “You cannot be sure of the success of your remedy, while you uncertain of the nature of the disease.” And so it is with asthma. Eat a diet consisting of fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, oatmeal, brown rice, and whole grains. The diet should be high in protein and low in carbohydrates, and contain no sugar. A diet rich in whole grains and fish has been shown to protect against asthma in children. Eat lightly, large meal can cause shortness of breath by making the stomach put pressure on the diaphragm.Do not eat ice cream or drink cold liquids. Cold can shock the bronchial tubes into spasms. Must keep an ongoing list of things that trigger your asthmatic responses and then avoid them as best as you can.
Generally, dairy products are not good for asthmatics. They’re too mucus forming. We have heard though, that cheddar cheese might be an exception. It contains tyramine, an ingredients that seems to help open the breathing passages. This narrowing may reverse naturally with time, or with treatment and medication. Moringa Oleifera delivers chlorophyll to our body which is essential to person with asthma. Chlorophyll helps the respiratory system, resistance to allergens as well as reducing asthma attacks
Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in vegetables. People who do not eat plenty of green foods lack chlorophyll in their diets. Moringa is one of the very few foods that contain chlorophyll together with so many other nutrients (vitamins, minerals, proteins, beneficial fats). Dark green vegetables and herbs like Romaine lettuce, spinach, or parsley are excellent sources of chlorophyll, but they do not provide many of the other nutrients of Moringa.” In addition, Moringa has 9x property of Vitamin C, needed to protect lung tissue and keep down infection. Also increase airflow and fights inflammation and so as with Calcium and Magnesium. Children at their young age should introduce eating moringa to help prevent asthma.

KELOR ITU PANGAN, BUKAN OBAT

KELOR MENJADI SAYURAN NASIONAL DI FILIPINA

Moringa-National vegtetablesMalunggay, finally declared as the Philippines’ National Vegetable”, because of…one of the most remarkable and nutritious plant on earth. Malunggay, scientifically name…”Moringa Oleifera” or horse radish tree, a widely common tree in the country also known as the “Miracle Tree” in other parts of the world and in the Philippines they called it “The Backyard Pharmacy and “Nature’s Medicine Cabinet,” by Filipina mothers across the country.
March 11, 2014, under a proposed law, a new House Bill 2072 has been passed unanimously by the House of Representative approving on third and final reading that would make Malunggay (Moringa) the official “National Vegetable of the Philippines.” And also made the Month of November as the National Malunggay of every year as the “National Malunggay Month.” The measure was approved after House Bill 3926 or the “Philippine National Symbols Act of 2014″ was filed.
Malunggay has been used for generations in the Philippines. Malunggay, does have a long history of use that dates back to the ancient Greeks, Romans and Egyptians, not to mention a wealth of culinary and traditional medicinal uses.
Fourth District Rep. Gina de Venecia of Pangasinan, the bill’s author, who said in her explanatory note that the malunggay tree provides numerous health benefits as well as many livelihood opportunities that could help make the Philippines globally competitive. She also said that for the past 20 years as low-cost health enhancer in poor countries around the globe the World Health Organization and other charitable organizations currently use malunggay (moringa) as a basis for daily nutritional programs helping malnourished children.
According to De Venecia, “The malunggay tree is truly deserve national and international promotion due to the many biomedical endowment and numerous socioeconomic benefits that can be offered to our people.” “Our country is now expanding the local market for malunggay and its by-products with the aim of enhancing the agribusiness potentials of various crops as part of the government’s poverty-alleviation and health care programs,” De Venecia said. She also noted the crucial part of malunggay products to the Philippine economy.
Almost every home has at least one moringa tree nearby or by their backyard. It may hold the key to combating malnutrition in areas where food insecurity is rife. How to fix malnutrition? With a rising cost of many fruits and vegetables why not prepare meal with malunggay that has full of nutrients. Our few peso buck, your family can already have a delicious, filling, and nutritious meals like bowls of mongo beans with malunggay.
In a report by the Biotechnology Program Office of the Department of Agriculture, De Venecia said biochemists and molecular anthropologists have discovered that malunggay is rich in Vitamins A and C, iron, and high density lipoprotein or good cholesterol.
She said the leaves of the tree alone contain a powerhouse of nutritional value: Seven times the Vitamin C than oranges, more iron than spinach, four times the calcium than milk, four times the Vitamin A than carrots, and a protein quality rivals that of milk and eggs and three times the potassium than bananas. Furthermore, malunggay contains more than 90 nutrients and has the property of 47 antioxidants, 36 anti-inflammatory. It is also has 18 of amino acids, 9 of them being essential, phytochemicals and plenty of Omega 3 oils and chlorophyll, she added.
“From the roots and branches to the leaves, flowers, fruit, pods and seeds, all parts of the malunggay tree are of nutritive and medicinal value,” De Venecia said. In addition extracts from leaves and the seed pods known as drumsticks are effective against diabetes, hypertension, inflammations, infections, aging problems, and even cancer.
“Known as miracle vegetable or nature’s medicine cabinet by scientists and health care workers from around the world, malunggay is loaded with vitamins and minerals that can be an effective remedy against many kinds of ailments,” according to the bill’s explanatory note.
And in terms of environmental value, malunggay trees can also help stabilized the soil and contribute to the fight against deforestation.
“Now, we can say that malunggay can save lives, increase incomes, generate millions of jobs, utilize vast tracts of idle agricultural lands, make the Philippine globally competitive, impact local and international market, and help attain socioeconomic equity,” she said.
The Secretary of Agriculture in coordination with the Secretary of Education, Secretary of Health, and the chairman of the National Commission for Culture and Arts shall promulgate the rules and regulations necessary for the implementation of the measure.
People who regularly consume Malunggay (Moringa) have reported better health and an overall sense of well-being. Some additional benefits of the Moringa product family include joint health, heart health, boosts immune system, sustained your energy levels and increases vitality. Some malunggay benefits will be noticed over an extended period of time, and Malunggay (Moringa) are known to have a cumulative effect…follow the recommended dosage.

A VIDEO OF BENEFITS OF MORINGA


Khasiat Kelor dari Daun Hingga Akar


Diketahui bahwa pohon kelor dari pucuk sampai akar, bahkan getahnya mempunyai khasiat yang istimewa. Berikut dibahas satu per satu khasiat daun, bunga, biji, kulit batang, akar, polong dan getah.

Daun
Antimikroba, antibakteri, antiinflamasi (antiradang), infeksi, virus Ebstein Barr (EBV), virus herpes simplek (HSV-1), HIV/AIDS, cacingan, bronchitis, gangguan hati, antitumor, demam, kanker prostat, kanker kulit, anemia, diabetes, tiroid, gangguan saraf, kolik di saluran pencernaan, rematik, sakit kepala, antioksidan, sumber nutrisi (protein dan mineral), dan tonik.


Bunga
Antimikroba, antibakteri, infeksi, flu, cacingan, sariawan, radang tenggorokan, antitumor, rematik, gangguan saraf, sumber nutrisi, dan tonik.

Biji
Antimikroba, antibakteri, kutil, penyakit kulit ringan, penjernih air, antitumor, sariawan lambung, demam, rematik, antiinflamasi, menaikkan kekebalan tubuh, sumber nutrisi, dan tonik.

Kulit batang
Mengatasi karang gigi, gangguan pencernaan, flu, sariawan, antitumor, rematik, detoksifikasi, penetralisir racun ular serta kalajengking, sumber nutrisi, alat kontrasepsi dan afrodisiak.

Akar
Antimikroba, karang gigi, flu, demam, asma, penguat jantung, antiinflamasi, rematik, bengkak kaki (edema), epilepsi, sakit kepala, afrodisiak, menjaga kesehatan organ reproduksi, penyegar kulit, mengobati penyakit ginjal, dan pembesaran hati (hepatamegali).

Polong
Antimikroba, antihipersensitif, antiinflamasi, rematik, menjaga kesehatan organ reproduksi, dan tonik.

Getah
Antimikroba, antitifoid, demam, asma, disentri, antiinflamasi, rematik, dan gangguan saraf.

Sumber:
Tree for life journal - www.tfljournal.org
Trubus 501 - Agustus 2011/XLII

Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera, or the horseradish tree, is a pan-tropical species that is known by such regional names as benzolive, drumstick tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, mulangay, nébéday, saijhan, and sajna. Over the past two decades, many reports have appeared in mainstream scientific journals describing its nutritional and medicinal properties. It is the purpose of this series of brief reviews to: (a) critically evaluate the published scientific evidence on M. oleifera, (b) highlight claims from the traditional and tribal medicinal lore and from non-peer reviewed sources that would benefit from further, rigorous scientific evaluation, and (c) suggest directions for future clinical research that could be carried out by local investigators in developing regions.


This is the first of four planned papers on the nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties of Moringa oleifera. In this introductory paper, the scientific evidence for health effects are summarized in tabular format, and the strength of evidence is discussed in very general terms. A third paper will probe the phytochemical components of Moringa in more depth. A fourth paper will lay out a number of suggested research projects that can be initiated at a very small scale and with very limited resources, in geographic regions which are suitable for Moringa cultivation and utilization.


The following paper is intended to be useful for both scientific and lay audiences. Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of a monogeneric family, the Moringaceae, that is native to the sub-Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. This rapidly-growing tree (also known as the horseradish tree, drumstick tree, benzolive tree, kelor, marango, mlonge, moonga, mulangay, nébéday, saijhan, sajna or Ben oil tree), was utilized by the ancient Romans, Greeks and Egyptians; it is now widely cultivated and has become naturalized in many locations in the tropics.

All parts of the Moringa tree are edible and have long been consumed by humans. According to Fuglie (47) the many uses for Moringa include: alley cropping (biomass production), animal forage (leaves and treated seed-cake), biogas (from leaves), domestic cleaning agent (crushed leaves), blue dye (wood), fencing (living trees), fertilizer (seed-cake), foliar nutrient (juice expressed from the leaves), green manure (from leaves), gum (from tree trunks), honey- and sugar cane juice-clarifier (powdered seeds), honey (flower nectar), medicine (all plant parts), ornamental plantings, biopesticide (soil incorporation of leaves to prevent seedling damping off), pulp (wood), rope (bark), tannin for tanning hides (bark and gum), water purification (powdered seeds). Moringa seed oil (yield 30-40% by weight), also known as Ben oil, is a sweet non-sticking, non-drying oil that resists rancidity.

Moringa trees have been used to combat malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers. Three non-governmental organizations in particular—Trees for Life, Church World Service and Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization—have advocated Moringa as “natural nutrition for the tropics.” Moringa is especially promising as a food source in the tropics because the tree is in full leaf at the end of the dry season when other foods are typically scarce.

A large number of reports on the nutritional qualities of Moringa now exist in both the scientific and the popular literature. Any readers who are familiar with Moringa will recognize the oft-reproduced characterization made many years ago by the Trees for Life organization, that “ounce-for-ounce, Moringa leaves contain more Vitamin A than carrots, more calcium than milk, more iron than spinach, more Vitamin C than oranges, and more potassium than bananas,” and that the protein quality of Moringa leaves rivals that of milk and eggs.

These readers will also recognize the oral histories recorded by Lowell Fuglie in Senegal and throughout West Africa, who reports (and has extensively documented on video) countless instances of lifesaving nutritional rescue that are attributed to Moringa (47,48). In fact, the nutritional properties of Moringa are now so well known that there seems to be little doubt of the substantial health benefit to be realized by consumption of Moringa leaf powder in situations where starvation is imminent. Nonetheless, the outcomes of well controlled and well documented clinical studies are still clearly of great value.

The interested reader is also directed to the very comprehensive reviews of the nutritional attributes of Moringa prepared by the NGOs mentioned earlier (in particular, see references 47,123,157).

Phytochemicals are, in the strictest sense of the word, chemicals produced by plants. An examination of the phytochemicals of Moringa species affords the opportunity to examine a range of fairly unique compounds. In particular, this plant family is rich in compounds containing the simple sugar, rhamnose, and it is rich in a fairly unique group of compounds called glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (10,38). For example, specific components of Moringa preparations that have been reported to have hypotensive, anticancer, and antibacterial activity include 4-(4'-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate [1], 4-(a-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate [2], niazimicin [3], pterygospermin [4], benzyl isothiocyanate [5], and 4-(a-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl glucosinolate [6]. Disease Treatment and Prevention

The readers of this review are encouraged to examine two recent papers that do an excellent job of contrasting the dilemma of balancing evidence from complementary and alternative medicine (e.g. traditional medicine, tribal lore, oral histories and anecdotes) with the burden of proof required in order to make sound scientific judgments on the efficacy of these traditional cures (138,154). Widespread claims of the medicinal effectiveness of various Moringa tree preparations have encouraged the author and his colleagues at The Johns Hopkins University to further investigate some of these possibilities.

A plethora of traditional medicine references attest to its curative power, and scientific validation of these popular uses is developing to support at least some of the claims. Moringa preparations have been cited in the scientific literature as having antibiotic, antitrypanosomal, hypotensive, antispasmodic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycemic activities, as well as having considerable efficacy in water purification by flocculation, sedimentation, antibiosis and even reduction of Schistosome cercariae titer (see Table 1).

For example, on the surface a report published almost 25 years ago (141) appears to establish Moringa as a powerful cure for urinary tract infection, but it provides the reader with no source of comparison (no control subjects). Thus, to the extent to which this is antithetical to Western medicine, Moringa has not yet been and will not be embraced by Western-trained medical practitioners for either its medicinal or nutritional properties.

For example, numerous studies now point to the elevation of a variety of detoxication and antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers as a result of treatment with Moringa or with phytochemicals isolated from Moringa (39,40,76,131). I shall briefly introduce antibiosis and cancer prevention as just two examples of areas of Moringa research for which the existing scientific evidence appears to be particularly strong.

Antibiotic Activity. This is clearly the area in which the preponderance of evidence—both classical scientific and extensive anecdotal evidence—is overwhelming. Benzyl isothiocyanate was already understood at that time to have antimicrobial properties. Subsequent elegant and very thorough work, published in 1964 as a PhD thesis by Bennie Badgett (a student of the well known chemist Martin Ettlinger), identified a number of glyosylated derivatives of benzyl isothiocyanate [5] (e.g. compounds containing the 6-carbon simple sugar, rhamnose) (8). The identity of these compounds was not available in the refereed scientific literature until “re-discovered” 15 years later by Kjaer and co-workers (73). Seminal reports on the antibiotic activity of the primary rhamnosylated compound then followed, from U Eilert and colleagues in Braunschweig, Germany (33,34).

Extensive field reports and ecological studies (see Table 1) forming part of a rich traditional medicine history, claim efficacy of leaf, seed, root, bark, and flowers against a variety of dermal and internal infections. Unfortunately, many of the reports of antibiotic efficacy in humans are not supported by placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials. Again, in keeping with Western medical prejudices, practitioners may not be expected to embrace Moringa for its antibiotic properties. Cancer Prevention. Since Moringa species have long been recognized by folk medicine practitioners as having value in tumor therapy (61), we examined compounds [1] and [2] for their cancer preventive potential (39).

In an even more recent study, Bharali and colleagues have examined skin tumor prevention following ingestion of drumstick (Moringa seedpod) extracts (12). Modern practitioners have used crude extracts and isolated bioactive compounds. It may well work, but more rigorous study is required in order to achieve a level of proof required for full biomedical endorsement of Moringa as, in this case, a cancer preventative plant.

I gratefully acknowledge the Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Foundation for providing unrestricted research funds that facilitated preparation of this review and work on Moringa in my laboratory; funding was also provided by the American Institute for Cancer Research and the NCI (Grant # R01 CA93780).

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